What Is the Correct Order of Tropical Cyclone Development (Least to Most Developed)?

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Tropical Cyclone Climatology

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Contents

• Overview
• Atlantic & Eastern Pacific
• Seasonal Tropical Whirlwind Activity
• Origins by 10-day Period
• Origins & Tracks by Calendar month
• High Resolution History Maps
• Named Cyclones past Yr
• U.Southward. Hurricane Return Periods
• CONUS Hurricane Strikes
• Central Pacific Climatology

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Overview

A tropical cyclone is a rotating, organized arrangement of clouds and thunderstorms that originates over tropical or subtropical waters and has a closed depression-level circulation. Tropical cyclones rotate counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere. They are classified as follows:

• Tropical Low: A tropical cyclone with maximum sustained winds of 38 mph (33 knots) or less.
• Tropical Storm: A tropical cyclone with maximum sustained winds of 39 to 73 mph (34 to 63 knots).
• Hurricane: A tropical cyclone with maximum sustained winds of 74 mph (64 knots) or higher. In the western North Pacific, hurricanes are called typhoons; similar storms in the Indian Ocean and S Pacific Sea are chosen cyclones.
• Major Hurricane: A tropical whirlwind with maximum sustained winds of 111 mph (96 knots) or higher, corresponding to a Category three, 4 or five on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale.

Tropical cyclones forming between 5 and 30 degrees North breadth typically move toward the west. Sometimes the winds in the eye and upper levels of the atmosphere change and steer the cyclone toward the north and northwest. When tropical cyclones reach latitudes virtually 30 degrees North, they often move northeast.

Tropical Cyclone formation regions with mean tracks (courtesy of the NWS JetStream Online Schoolhouse)

Atlantic and Eastern Pacific Hurricane Flavor Normal Activity

The Atlantic hurricane season runs from June 1 to November xxx. The Atlantic basin includes the Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and Gulf of Mexico. Based on a xxx-twelvemonth climate menstruation from 1991 to 2020, an average Atlantic hurricane season has 14 named storms, 7 hurricanes, and 3 major hurricanes (Category three, 4, or 5 on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale). The first named tempest typically forms in mid to late June, the first hurricane tends to grade in early on to mid-August, and the kickoff major hurricane forms in late August or early September.

The eastern Pacific hurricane season runs from May xv to November xxx. The eastern Pacific basin extends from Mexico and Central America westward to 140°Westward. Based on a xxx-year climate period from 1991 to 2020, an average eastern Pacific hurricane season has 15 named storms, 8 hurricanes, and 4 major hurricanes. The start named storm typically forms in early to mid-June, the outset hurricane tends to form in tardily June, and the first major hurricane forms in mid-July.

The following tables describe the progress of typical hurricane seasons in the Atlantic and eastern Pacific basins by showing benchmark dates when a given number of named storms, hurricanes, and major hurricanes typically forms. It is important to note, however, that formation dates in individual hurricane seasons could vary considerably from these boilerplate dates.

Table one. Progress of the boilerplate Atlantic flavor (1991-2020). Appointment upon which the following number of events would ordinarily accept occurred.

Number	Named systems	Hurricanes	Major Hurricanes
i	Jun 20	Aug 11	Sep 1
ii	Jul 17	Aug 26	Sep nineteen
3	Aug three	Sep 7	Oct 28
iv	Aug xv	Sep 16	-
five	Aug 22	Sep 28	-
half-dozen	Aug 29	October xv	-
7	Sep iii	Nov 15	-
8	Sep nine	-	-
9	Sep sixteen	-	-
10	Sep 22	-	-
11	Oct two	-	-
12	October 11	-	-
13	Oct 25	-	-
14	November 19	-	-

Tabular array 2. Progress of the average eastern Pacific flavour (1991-2020). Date upon which the following number of events would ordinarily have occurred.

Number	Named systems	Hurricanes	Major Hurricanes
ane	Jun 10	Jun 26	Jul xv
2	Jun 24	Jul xv	Aug 15
3	Jul 6	Jul 31	Sep 13
iv	Jul 15	Aug 16	October 22
5	Jul 23	Aug 31	-
6	Aug 3	Sep 15	-
7	Aug 11	Sep 28	-
8	Aug 21	October 23	-
9	Aug 28	-	-
10	Sep 4	-	-
11	Sep 14	-	-
12	Sep 21	-	-
13	Oct ii	-	-
xiv	Oct 15	-	-
15	Nov 5	-	-

Seasonal Tropical Cyclone Activity

These charts show the amount of tropical whirlwind activeness, in terms of named storms and hurricanes, that occurs in the Atlantic and east Pacific basins on each calendar twenty-four hour period between May ane and Dec 31. Specifically, they show the number of hurricanes (yellow surface area), and combined named storms and hurricanes (red area) that occur on each calendar twenty-four hour period over a 100-twelvemonth period. The information have been smoothed using a v-day running average centered on each calendar twenty-four hour period. For the Atlantic bowl (the Atlantic Bounding main, the Caribbean Sea, and the Gulf of Mexico), the chart is based on data from the 77-yr period from 1944 to 2020 (starting at the first of the aircraft reconnaissance era) but normalized to 100 years. The official hurricane flavour for the Atlantic basin is from June 1 to Nov xxx, only tropical cyclone activity sometimes occurs before and subsequently these dates, respectively. The height of the Atlantic hurricane season is September 10, with near action occurring betwixt mid-August and mid-October. For the eastern Pacific bowl, the analyses are based on data from the 50-yr period from 1971 to 2020 (starting when in that location was reliable satellite imagery) but likewise normalized to 100 years. The official hurricane season for the eastern Pacific bowl is from May 15 to November 30, but tropical cyclones occasionally occur before and later these dates, respectively. A pinnacle in activeness is noted in late August, but this acme is less pronounced than the peak in Atlantic activity. Relatively loftier levels of action in the eastern Pacific tend to be spread out over a longer portion of the flavor than in the Atlantic, with most tropical cyclones occurring between late June and early October.

Points of Origin by 10-Twenty-four hours Period

The figures beneath evidence the points of tropical whirlwind genesis past x-24-hour interval periods during the hurricane season. These figures draw named storms only. The source years include 1851-2015 for the Atlantic and 1949-2015 for the Eastern Pacific from the HURDAT database.

Typical Tropical Cyclone Occurrence Areas by Month

These maps evidence where tropical cyclones (named storms and hurricanes) tend to occur during each month of the hurricane season. The data are shown as the number of named storms or hurricanes whose centers pass within 150 nautical miles of a point on the map during a 100-yr menstruation. For the Atlantic basin, the analyses are based on data from the 77-year menstruum from 1944 to 2020 (starting at the showtime of the aircraft reconnaissance era) merely normalized to 100 years. For the eastern and central Pacific basins, the analyses are based on data from the l-year period from 1971 to 2020 (starting when there was reliable satellite imagery) just as well normalized to 100 years. Please note that the map legends vary from basin to basin and between named storms and hurricanes (just not between months) in order to make climatological patterns more apparent.

Atlantic Named Storms	Atlantic Hurricanes

Eastern and Primal Pacific Named Storms	Eastern and Central Pacific Hurricanes

Fundamental Pacific Named Storms	Central Pacific Hurricanes

High Resolution History Maps

All N Atlantic and Eastern North Pacific tropical cyclones

Named Cyclones by Twelvemonth

Confined depict number of named systems (yellow), hurricanes (ruby), and category 3 or greater (purple), 1850-2014
Download hires image
Download tabular array of data (PDF)

Hurricane Render Periods

Hurricane return periods are the frequency at which a sure intensity of hurricane can exist expected within a given altitude of a given location (for the below images fifty nm or 58 statute miles). In simpler terms, a return flow of 20 years for a major hurricane means that on average during the previous 100 years, a Category three or greater hurricane passed within 50 nm (58 miles) of that location about 5 times. We would then expect, on boilerplate, an additional five Category three or greater hurricanes within that radius over the next 100 years.

More information on return periods can be plant from NOAA Technical Memorandum NWS NHC 38 (pdf) on the NHC Risk Analysis Program (HURISK).

Notation: The information on return period is generated with the 1987 HURISK programme, only uses data through 2010.

Estimated return period in years for hurricanes passing
within 50 nautical miles of diverse locations on the U.Due south. Coast

Estimated return period in years for major hurricanes passing
within 50 nautical miles of various locations on the U.S. Coast

CONUS Hurricane Strikes

1950-2021 CONUS Hurricane Strikes (Courtesy of NCEI)

CONUS Hurricane Strike Density (county maps)

1900-2010 U.South. Hurricane Strikes

1900-2010 U.S. Hurricane Strikes - West Gulf

1900-2010 U.South. Hurricane Strikes - East Gulf

1900-2010 U.South. Hurricane Strikes - Southeast

1900-2010 U.S. Hurricane Strikes - Northeast

1900-2010 U.S. Major Hurricane Strikes

1900-2010 U.South. Major Hurricane Strikes - West Gulf

1900-2010 U.Due south. Major Hurricane Strikes - East Gulf

1900-2010 U.S. Major Hurricane Strikes - Southeast

1900-2010 U.S. Major Hurricane Strikes - Northeast

Central Pacific Climatology

The following graphs and charts describe some of the climatology of tropical cyclone activity in the expanse served by the Cardinal Pacific Hurricane Center, between 140 degrees West longitude and the International Date Line and n of the equator.

Many factors affect the level of tropical whirlwind activity from year to year. Among them are the state of the El Nino Southern Oscillation in the Pacific. Moderate to strong El Nino years are correlated with increased tropical whirlwind activity in the Cardinal Pacific and the occurrence of late season storms.

Continuous satellite coverage has been available in the Central Pacific since 1971 then many climatologies start with that date.Earlier accounts of tropical cyclone action are based on land, transport, and shipping observations besides as some not-continuous satellite data.

Hurricane Flavour Climatology Central Pacific (1971-2008)

	Hurricanes	Tropical Storms	Tropical Depressions	Total
Full Number	58	46	59	163
Per centum of All Systems	36%	28%	36%

Tropical Cyclones in the Cardinal Pacific By Year

Tropical Cyclones in the Cardinal Pacific Past Month

The following charts show the storms that accept come within 200 miles and 75 miles of Hawaii. Storms that do not brand landfall in Hawaii can notwithstanding cause considerable damage, more often than not from winds and surf.

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Source: https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/climo/

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